What should be monitored to prevent opioid overdose?

Monitoring respiratory rates is crucial in preventing opioid overdose because opioids primarily act on the central nervous system to produce their analgesic effects. One of the significant side effects of opioids is respiratory depression, which can lead to a dangerous decrease in the rate and depth of breathing. If a patient’s respiratory rate drops too low, it can result in hypoxia and ultimately be life-threatening.

When administering opioids, it is critical to regularly assess the patient's respiratory function. A significant slowdown in respiratory rate (or cessation of breathing) can be a precursor to overdose. Early identification of respiratory depression allows for timely interventions, such as administering naloxone, which can reverse the effects of opioid overdose.

The other options, though important in various medical contexts, are not directly linked to the primary risk associated with opioid use. Blood sugar levels are more concerned with diabetes management, heart rhythms mainly pertain to cardiovascular health, and while monitoring blood pressure is also essential, it does not directly indicate the risk of respiratory failure typical with opioid overdoses. Therefore, focusing on respiratory rates is essential for ensuring patient safety when opioids are prescribed or administered.