Which symptoms are indicative of opioid-induced constipation?

Opioid-induced constipation is characterized by specific symptoms that arise due to the effect opioids have on the gastrointestinal (GI) system. When opioids are used, they bind to receptors in the gut, leading to decreased motility. This results in infrequent bowel movements, which is a core symptom of constipation. Additionally, patients often experience straining during bowel movements because the stools can become hard and difficult to pass.

The choice indicating infrequent bowel movements coupled with straining is a classic representation of opioid-induced constipation symptoms. Infrequent bowel movements typically means fewer than three per week and straining is often indicative of difficulty in passing stool, both of which seamlessly align with the understanding of how opioids affect the bowel functions.

Other choices such as frequent bowel movements or loose stools do not align with constipation; rather, they suggest normal or increased GI motility, which is contrary to the effects of opioids. Constipation with no other symptoms could be seen as too vague to accurately describe the typical experience of opioid-induced constipation, as the presence of straining and infrequency provides more specific insight into the condition. Therefore, the symptoms described in the correct choice accurately convey the typical presentation of constipation resulting from opioid use.